Submodel for subgraphs of direct effect removal
From Susan Scott, Australia
In the do-calculus inference rules, I understand how the subgraph is generated from the submodel do(X = x), Gx, the removal of direct causes and therefore d-separation is a valid test for conditional independence. However I don't understand the submodel for subgraphs representing the removal of direct effects. Would you please explain the submodel I could use to explain this subgraph and what distribution it represents.